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Since its birth in ancient Greece, tragedy as an important dramatic form has always attracted the attention of those who have a tragic sense of life. Although many scholars of tragedy put forward a bleak view regarding the possibility for the continuance of tragedy in modern times, two great dramatists, Henrik Ibsen and Anton Chekhov, showed that tragedy can still be created in modern times provided that writers can adjust their tragic visions with the spirit of their age. This paper is an attempt to analyze the ways in which Ibsen and Chekhov portrayed the tragedy of man in the modern world... [See More ...]

The actual classroom implementation and the possible final outcomes of the genrebased approach to writing instruction have not been fully explored yet. The present quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of genre-based instruction on qualitative and quantitative aspects of a group of EFL learners\' writing performance on a letter-writing task. 140 EFL learners (26 male and 114 female) studying English for a BA degree at two major universities in Iran participated in the study. Half of the learners (the experimental group, n=70) were taught how to write a letter of application through... [See More ...]

We surveyed colleagues from 4 international professional organizations involved with families in order to examine global family concerns and the role of family life education from an ecosystemic perspective. Our sample represented 6 continents and 50 countries. Survey results indicated that family education and related coursework were available in all continents along with considerable public interest in family education. International public concern about family issues was related to population characteristics, values related to parenting and childrearing, interest in family and health legislation/regulations,... [See More ...]

A child is in contact with various human factors in the house and family environment, but the most important and the most fundamental of these factors is the mother (Bretherton, 1985). Studies in different aspects of child growth including physical and psychological have been conducted.............. [See More ...]

Higher education researcher Dr. James Kulik clearly stated his position that \"developmental educators who are conducting their classes in the time-honored and traditional ways may not be doing as much as they can do. There are teaching options that they might explore that have helped other teachers improve their effectiveness\" (Bonham, 1990, p. 18). From this perspective, an examination of home schooling practices is not only relevant to developmental educators, it is important. [See More ...]

HIV is striking back against the antiretroviral drugs that keep it largely in check in rich countries, thanks both to its exposure to the major drugs and to individuals who don't realise they're infected and so spread resistant strains to new partners. Drug-resistant strains of HIV have already been documented in San Francisco and elsewhere in the US, and Europe. Now a model of their transmission, based on studies of gay San Francisco men, forecasts a rapid upsurge in the next five years. [See More ...]

MOST neuroscientists, philosophers of the mind and science journalists feel the time is near when we will be able to explain the mystery of human consciousness in terms of the activity of the brain. There is, however, a vocal minority of neurosceptics who contest this orthodoxy. Among them are those who focus on claims neuroscience makes about the preciseness of correlations between indirectly observed neural activity and different mental functions, states or experiences. [See More ...]

Today, scientists are grappling with these philosophical conundrums, trying to harness quantum's bizarre properties to advance technology, and struggling to weave quantum physics and general relativity into a seamless theory of quantum gravity. The birth of an idea Quantum theory began to take shape in the early 20th century, when classical ideas failed to explain some observations. Previous theories allowed atoms to vibrate at any frequency, leading to incorrect predictions that they could radiate infinite amounts of energy - a problem known as the ultraviolet catastrophe. [See More ...]

In the depths of space and the hearts of galaxies lurk monsters: holes in space that drag passers-by to certain doom if they venture too close . That's the popular image of black holes, but these ravenous cosmic beasts are proving to be even more fascinating – and fearsome – than their reputation suggests. [See More ...]

A SPACE probe plunges its way through Titan's atmosphere and lands safely on the surface. Over a billion kilometres away here on Earth, a machine fills a bag of potato crisps. Georg Koppenwallner didn't think that Saturn's largest moon had much in common with his favourite bar snack - at least not until he got a call from the European Space Agency (ESA). [See More ...]

I suggested to Sue that continually ignoring our mind and body's basic needs usually has severe consequences. I suggested that, as an 'experiment' she do the following: Start having breakfast Take at least half an hour for lunch Use a ' power nap' relaxation exercise I'd taught her after her mid day meal Keep her work day evenings free of alcohol and just drink during the [See More ...]

works of art and structures produced in the region of Asia traditionally known as Persia and now called Iran. Bounded by fierce mountains and deserts, the high plateau of Iran has seen the flow of many migrations and the development of many cultures, all of which have added distinctive features to the many styles of Persian art and architecture. There are excellent collections of Persian art in Tehran; the Metropolitan Museum; the [See More ...]

Cellular and tissue regeneration in the gastrointestinal tract and liver depends on stem cells with properties of longevity, self-renewal and multipotency. Progress in stem cell research and the identification of potential esophageal, gastric, intestinal, colonic, hepatic and pancreatic stem cells provides hope for the use of stem cells in regenerative medicine and treatments for disease. Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential to give rise to any cell type in the human body, but their therapeutic application remains challenging. The use of adult or tissue-restricted... [See More ...]

Delayed conditional discriminations in which a sample indicates which comparison stimulus is correct have typically been used in working memory research with animals. Following acquisition with no (0-sec) delay between the offset of the sample and the onset of the comparison stimuli, delays of variable duration are introduced. The resulting retention functions are taken as a measure of memory. We suggest that, in addition to memory loss due to the delay, the comparison of matching accuracy at the 0-sec training delay with relatively novel test delays may produce a generalization decrement that... [See More ...]

The term awareness is defined as "a condition of being conscious of something." It follows that the expression self-awareness indicates the condition of being conscious of oneself (e.g., Silvestri et al., 2008). Two concepts, then, are involved in the definition of awareness and self, and both are long since the issues of scientific discussions, mainly philosophical, but also psychological and clinical [See More ...]

Recent studies strongly suggest that some people have a genetic predisposition to autism. In families with one autistic child, the risk of having a second child with the disorder is approximately 5 percent, [See More ...]

When doctors disagree with each other, they usually couch their criticisms in careful, measured language. In the past few months, however, open conflict has broken out among the upper echelons of US psychiatry. The focus of discord is a volume called the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM, which psychiatrists turn to when diagnosing the distressed individuals who turn up at their offices seeking help. Regularly referred to as the profession's bible, the DSM is in the midst of a major rewrite, and feelings are running high. [See More ...]

One such law is the Peter principle, which states that in any organisation \"people reach the level of their own incompetence.physics-based simulations suggest that this is more than just a cynical snipe at our bosses\' competence. And that means we might have to rethink our ideas about who to promote to what jobs. [See More ...]

The Purbeck Limestone beetle fauna is reviewed and several taxa identified and figured for the first time. Their possible ecology is considered and comparisons are made with other fossil beetle faunas worldwide. [See More ...]